RESUMO
Introducción. La prevalencia del trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad (TDAH) está en constante estudio, y hay pocas publicaciones sobre la prevalencia en niños preescolares. Objetivo. Estudiar la prevalencia de síntomas de TDAH en niños preescolares usando una escala específica (ADHD Rating Scale-IV, versión preescolar, validada para España) desarrollada para esta franja de edad. Sujetos y métodos. Se evalúa la prevalencia de posible TDAH en una muestra representativa de preescolares en Navarra y La Rioja usando diferentes puntos de corte. Resultados. Se encuentra un rango de prevalencia de síntomas de TDAH del 2,5-4,1% según el criterio usado (más o menos estricto). Conclusiones. Existen herramientas específicas que pueden usarse para evaluar el TDAH en preescolares. La prevalencia de posible TDAH en preescolares en España es similar a la encontrada en otros países. La frecuencia de síntomas en esta franja de edad no es más alta que en otras edades, por lo que no es cierto que los síntomas de TDAH sean muy prevalentes en la población general de niños preescolares (AU)
Introduction. There are few studies about preschool attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) prevalence. Aim. To study the prevalence of ADHD in preschoolers using an specific scale (ADHD-RS-IV-P-Es) developed for this age range. Subjects and methods. We evaluated the prevalence of possible ADHD in a representative sample of preschoolers in Navarra and La Rioja, Spain. Results. We find a range of prevalence between 2.5-4.1% depending on the criteria that was used (more or less strict). Conclusions. There are specific tools that can be use in preschool ADHD study. The prevalence of preschool ADHD in Spain is similar than in other countries. The frequency of symptoms in this age range is similar to the found in school age children (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/epidemiologia , Comportamento Impulsivo , Testes Neuropsicológicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Transtornos do Neurodesenvolvimento/epidemiologia , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Psicometria/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been related to increased rates of unintentional injuries. However, the magnitude of the effect and to which extent variables such as sex, age or comorbidity can influence this relationship is unknown. Additionally, and importantly, it is unclear if, and to which degree, ADHD medications can decrease the number of unintentional injuries. Due to the amount of economic and social resources invested in the treatment of injuries, filling these gaps in the literature is highly relevant from a public health standpoint. Here, we present a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the relationship between ADHD and unintentional injuries and assess the impact of pharmacological treatment for ADHD METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We will combine results from 114 bibliographic databases for studies relating ADHD and risk of injuries. Bibliographic searches and data extraction will be carried out independently by two researchers. The studies' risk of bias will be assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Articles reporting ORs or HRs of suffering an injury in ADHD compared with controls (or enough data to calculate them) will be combined using Robust Variance Estimation, a method that permits to include multiple non-independent outcomes in the analysis. All analyses will be carried out in Stata. Age, sex and comorbid conduct disorders will be considered as potential causes of variance and their effect analysed through meta-regression and subgroup analysis. Sensitivity analyses will exclude articles with longer follow-ups, non-stringent definitions of ADHD or controls and statistically uncontrolled/controlled outcomes. Studies implementing a self-controlled case series methodology to investigate if ADHD drugs reduce the risk of injuries will be combined with a generalised linear mixed model using the Poisson distribution and a log link function. REGISTRATION DETAILS: PROSPERO-Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42017064967).
Assuntos
Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/tratamento farmacológico , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/epidemiologia , Projetos de Pesquisa , Ferimentos e Lesões/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Criança , Comorbidade , Humanos , Metanálise como Assunto , Fatores de Risco , Revisões Sistemáticas como AssuntoRESUMO
Se presentan y comentan los resultados de una encuesta llevada a cabo por la Comisión Nacional de Psiquiatría entre los MIR de psiquiatría de tercer y cuarto año. La encuesta tuvo por objeto conocer la opinión de los residentes sobre la formación que recibieron, así como el grado de satisfacción que experimentaron. Los resultados indican que la mayoría cumplieron con los requisitos del Programa Nacional de Formación Psiquiátrica y que su grado de satisfacción fue bueno. No obstante un porcentaje pequeño pero sustancial de residentes no cumplieron el programa de forma adecuada, particularmente en relación con la formación en psicoterapia, metodología de la investigación, gerontopsiquiatría, neurología y medicina general. Basándose en estos resultados la Comisión Nacional expone su opinión y presenta unas recomendaciones dirigidas a las partes interesadas en la formación de los residentes de psiquiatría en España (AU)
The results of a survey carried out by the Spanish National Board for Psychiatric Training among psychiatric trainees in their third and fourth year of training are presented and discussed. The aim of the survey was to know the residents opinion and level of satisfaction on the training they had received. The results indicate that the majority of residents had complied with the National Program for Psychiatric Training requirements and that their level of satisfaction was fair. However a small but substantial percentage did not comply adequately with the program, particularly in relation with the training in psychotherapy, research methodology, old age psychiatry, neurology and general medicine. Based on these results the National Board puts forward some recommendations meant for those involved in the training of psychiatrists in Spain (AU)
